New UNFPA survey finds financial pressure and limited opportunities—not changing values—are the main reasons young people are having fewer children

The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) has attributed the global decline in fertility rates primarily to economic hardship rather than feminism or a waning interest in family life.

The agency made this known in its Demographic Futures Survey, which gathered responses from more than 108,000 adults aged 18 to 39 across 73 countries and territories.

According to the report, financial insecurity, limited opportunities, and broader economic pressures are preventing many young people from having the number of children they desire.

The survey noted that while global fertility has dropped sharply—from about five births per woman in the 1950s and 1960s to just over two in 2024—the desire for parenthood remains strong among young adults.

UNFPA also dismissed claims that feminism is driving lower birth rates, emphasizing that many women still lack autonomy over key reproductive decisions.

The report revealed that about one in 10 women cannot make decisions regarding contraception, while roughly one-quarter are unable to independently make choices about their healthcare or refuse sex.

Findings further showed that men and women share similar aspirations for family life. However, women reported greater barriers, including financial challenges, infertility, and chronic health conditions.

Respondents identified the joy and fulfilment children bring—not financial gain—as their primary motivation for parenthood.

UNFPA Executive Director Diene Keita said the findings highlight that young people remain hopeful about building families but need supportive economic and social conditions to realise their reproductive goals.

He urged policymakers to address structural barriers that hinder individuals from starting or expanding their families.